What is alcohol

Alcohol
Simply,
Spirit, intoxicating liquid; chemical compound containing an alkyl group and a hydroxyl group

Otherwise:
In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon center should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms.

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What is an ester

Ester:
Esters are chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is, esters are formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol.

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What is an amine

Amine
Simply:
Metallic substance derived from ammonia (Chemistry)


Otherwise:
Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group. Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; see for a list of amines.  Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as chloramine (NClH₂).

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What is an amide

Amide
simply;
Organic compound containing the CONH2 radical (Chemistry)


Otherwise:
Amide refers to compounds with the functional group R_nE(O)_xNR'₂ (R and R' refer to H or organic groups). Most common are "organic amides" (n = 1, E = C, x = 1), but many other important types of amides are known including phosphor amides (n = 2, E = P, x = 1 and many related formulas) and sulfonamides (E = S, x= 2).
The term amide refers both to classes of compounds and to the functional group (R_nE(O)_xNR'₂) within those compounds.

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